Jurisdictional challenges when AI training corpora are scraped, embedded, and trained across multinational server clusters with conflicting copyright exceptions.
Copyright exceptions differ dramatically by territory: the United States relies on flexible fair use under § 107; the European Union provides a statutory text and data mining exception under DSM Directive Article 4 subject to machine-readable rights holder opt-outs; and the UK provides exceptions only for non-commercial research. Litigants in Getty Images v. Stability AI dispute whether scraping UK media and training on overseas GPU clusters falls within the territorial jurisdiction of the UK High Court.
